Enfermedad pulmonar intersticial temprana en poliangitis microscópica: reporte de un caso y revisión de la literatura / Early interstitial lung disease in microscopic polyangiitis: case report and literature review

La poliangeítis microscópica (PAM) es una enfermedad sistémica incluida en la clasificación de Chapel Hill 2012 como vasculitis necrosante que afecta capilares, vénulas y arteriolas. Usualmente expresa anticuerpos anti-citoplasma de neutrófilo (ANCA), con patrón perinuclear en la inmunofluorescencia, y correlación con los anticuerpos anti-mieloperoxidasa (MPO). La capilaritis con hemorragia alveolar es la manifestación más usual de afección pulmonar. La enfermedad pulmonar intersticial (EPI) es infrecuente, siendo la neumonía intersticial común el patrón predominante, sin embargo, otros patrones como la neumonía organizada han sido descritos. No existen pautas de tratamiento de los pacientes con EPI y vasculitis asociada a ANCA (VAA); actualmente son tratados con las bases de las vasculitis de vasos pequeños. El pronóstico de esta asociación es incierto, con posibilidad de recaídas y de curso fatal. A continuación se presenta un caso en el que neumopatía intersticial fue la primera manifestación de una PAM, sin hemorragia alveolar, con posterior involucro renal, y con el tratamiento instaurado presenta mejoría clínica significativa (AU)

Microscopic polyangiitis (MPA) is a systemic disease included in the Chapel Hill 2012 Classification as necrotizing vasculitis affecting capillaries, venules and arterioles. It usually expresses antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (ANCA) and has a perinuclear immunofluorescence pattern and correlation with anti-myeloperoxidase (MPO) antibodies. Capillaritis with alveolar hemorrhage is the most common manifestation of lung disease. Interstitial lung disease (ILD) is uncommon, with usual interstitial pneumonia being the predominant pattern. However, other patterns such as organizing pneumonia have been described. No guidelines exist for treating patients with ILD and, currently, ANCA-associated vasculitis (AAV) is managed along the lines of small vessel vasculitis. The prognosis with this association is uncertain, with possibilities of relapse and a fatal outcome. We present a case in which ILD was the first manifestation of MPA, without alveolar hemorrhage, with subsequent renal involvement and, in which, the established treatment produced a significant clinical improvement (AU)

Early interstitial lung disease in microscopic polyangiitis: Case report and literature review. / Enfermedad pulmonar intersticial temprana en poliangitis microscópica: reporte de un caso y revisión de la literatura.

Microscopic polyangiitis (MPA) is a systemic disease included in the Chapel Hill 2012 Classification as necrotizing vasculitis affecting capillaries, venules and arterioles. It usually expresses antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (ANCA) and has a perinuclear immunofluorescence pattern and correlation with anti-myeloperoxidase (MPO) antibodies. Capillaritis with alveolar hemorrhage is the most common manifestation of lung disease. Interstitial lung disease (ILD) is uncommon, with usual interstitial pneumonia being the predominant pattern. However, other patterns such as organizing pneumonia have been described. No guidelines exist for treating patients with ILD and, currently, ANCA-associated vasculitis (AAV) is managed along the lines of small vessel vasculitis. The prognosis with this association is uncertain, with possibilities of relapse and a fatal outcome. We present a case in which ILD was the first manifestation of MPA, without alveolar hemorrhage, with subsequent renal involvement and, in which, the established treatment produced a significant clinical improvement.